1. Spinalis (thoracis/dorsi, cervicis, capitis) Origin Transverse processes of thoracic and cervical vertebrae, ligamentum nuchae Insertion Transverse processes of thoracic and cervical vertebrae, occipital bone Action - Extension of spine and neck
- Lateral flexion of spine and neck
- Rotation of trunk and neck
- Maintains erect posture
2. Longissimus (thoracis/dorsi, cervicis, capitis) Origin Transverse processes of the sacrum, lumbar vertebrae and thoracic vertebrae Insertion Mastoid process, transverse processes of thoracic and cervical vertebrae Action - Extension of spine and neck
- Lateral flexion of spine and neck
- Rotation of trunk and neck
- Maintains erect posture
3. Iliocostalis (lumborum, thoracis/dorsi, cervicis) Origin Iliac crest, posterior surface of sacrum Insertion Posterior surface of ribs and transverse processes of cervical vertebrae Action - Extension of spine and neck
- Lateral flexion of spine and neck
- Rotation of trunk and neck
- Maintains erect posture
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